国外学霸暑期都在读什么?|美高必读书目推荐
阅读: 1599 发表:2年前美国学生的阅读量有多惊人?
美国伊利诺伊大学阅读研究中心主任、主要从事儿童阅读研究的理查德·安德森教授曾在对比了中美青少年的课外阅读之后得出结论:
经济水平相当的情况下,
美国青少年的阅读量却是中国青少年的6倍!
美国阅读教育公司Renaissance根据700万学生在阅读软件(Accelerated Reader)的追踪记录,覆盖26344所美国学校、2.5亿本书,发布了针对K-12学生的阅读调查报告,数据表明:
去年美国高中生平均阅读书籍数量高达28.7本。其中课业压力相对较大的9-11年级学生和顶着升学压力的12年级学生,人均阅读书籍数量在4.4本-5.4本,平均阅读量在22万字左右。
值得一提的是,高年级学生的人均阅读书籍量虽低于低年级学生,但他们所阅读书籍也更具深度,难度系数也更高。
ELITE顾问团队建议:
暑假,对于申请美高的孩子来说,是你追我赶,用闲暇时间便能默默提升的时期,趁此机会,给自己一段沉浸式阅读的时间吧!历年来,我们成功申请海外梦校的学生,无不有这个共同的特质——广泛阅读!以准美高学生而言,阅读量大,不论是考标化、文书还是面试,甚至是进入美高的课堂,都极为占优势!
以下,ELITE团队选出了美高学生阅读清单上最常见的前20部经典作品,并根据1000+美国高中生的投票数进行排列。在这份经典作品榜中,你都读过哪些?
NO.1
To Kill a Mockingbird
《杀死一只知更鸟》
作者:Harper Lee
内容简介:
Harper Lee’s first novel, which was published in 1960, tackles issues of racial and social injustice in the South. Set in Alabama, it introduces readers to Atticus Finch, a lawyer who defends a Black man accused of raping a white woman. The point-of-view comes from Atticcus’s daughter, Scout, while Boo Radley, their reclusive neighbor, adds another dimension to this classic story of racism and childhood. Lee’s work won her a Pulitzer Prize and the Presidential Medal of Freedom. Because of some racial language, the book has been challenged in many schools throughout America.
推荐理由:
《杀死一只知更鸟》是一本在美国教育史上极负盛名的经典小说。奥巴马曾经公开送给过女儿两本书,其中一本就是《杀死一只知更鸟》。
这本书涉及了国家、种族、阶级、性别、年龄等各个层次里的歧视与偏见,也展示了人在固有环境中挣脱狭隘与偏见的理性光辉。虽然是极其富教育意义的著作,但书中并未直接向读者展示世界的真善美。相反地,作者以一个成长中的八岁小女孩对世界的认知行文,完全以一个孩子的世界来思考、观察这个世界。
1961年,该书获当年度普利策奖,被翻译成四十多种语言,在世界范围内售出超过三千万册,同年被改编成同名电影。
NO.2
Romeo and Juliet
《罗密欧与朱丽叶》
作者:William Shakespeare
内容简介:
Two star-crossed lovers meet and perish in this tragedy. Juliet, a Capulet, falls in love with Romeo, a Montague. Because their families are rivals, they are forbidden to marry. They secretly wed before misfortune leads to their deaths. Losing their children inspires a peace among the families. Some critics claim the play’s childish view of love hasn’t stood the test of time, but others think the story is multilayered and deserves its classic status.
推荐理由:
法国作家雨果:它写的是"黎明的爱"。
俄国诗人普希金:"除了罗密欧和朱丽叶这两个莎士比亚妩媚描述的令人心醉的创造物之外,全部悲剧中最精彩的人物,就是文雅、情深、高贵而好争论的茂丘西奥--一个当代年轻骑士的典范。诗人选取他作为意大利人的代表,而意大利人就是当时欧洲最时髦的民族,号称16世纪的法国人。"
中国翻译家朱生豪:"《罗密欧与朱丽叶》是莎士比亚早期的抒情悲剧,也是继《所罗门雅歌》以后最美丽悱恻的恋歌。这里并没有对于人性进行深刻的解剖,只是真挚地道出了全世界青年男女的心声,爱情不但战胜了死亡,并且使两族的世仇消弭于无形;从这个意义上来看,它无疑是一本讴歌爱情至上的喜剧"。
NO.3
The Great Gatsby
《伟大的盖茨比》
作者:F. Scott Fitzgerald
内容简介:
Nick Carraway, a Midwest transplant and Yale graduate, moves to West Egg, Long Island. Carraway enters a world of extravagance when he becomes entangled with millionaire Jay Gatsby and socialite Daisy Buchanan. The novel is viewed as a cautionary tale about achieving the American dream of wealth and excess.
推荐理由:
《伟大的盖茨比》是美国作家F. Scott Fitzgerald 所写的一部以20世纪20年代的纽约市及长岛为背景的短篇小说,被誉为美国文学“爵士时代”的象征,是美国文学中一部不朽的经典,也是美国高中文学课的必读书。
小说对20世纪20年代美国社会的阴暗面进行了深度的描绘:巨大的财富背后的腐化堕落,放荡,饮酒作乐, 婚外情,揭露了看似一片繁华的美国社会里暗藏的种种矛盾和危机,被誉为是美国梦颓废消极面的警世通言。
NO.4
Lord of the Flies
《蝇王》
作者: William Golding
内容简介
"Lord of the Flies" tells the alarming story of a group of young boys who survive a plane crash, only to descend into tribalism on the island where they landed. Two of the boys—Ralph and Jack—clash in their pursuit of leadership. The novel, which has been challenged in schools, shows how struggles for power based on fear and division can result in a collapse of social order, themes that might seem relevant today.
推荐理由:
《蝇王》是英国现代作家威廉.戈尔丁发表于1954年的寓言体长篇小说,也是其代表作。作者将抽象的哲理命题具体化,让读者通过阅读引人入胜的故事和激动人心的争斗场面来加以体悟,人物、场景、故事、意象等都深具象征意义。
《蝇王》是一本重要的哲理小说,借小孩的天真来探讨人性的恶这一严肃主题,也是英国中学课程GCSE和美国高中AP课程的力推教材。威廉·戈尔丁也为此获得1983年诺贝尔文学奖。
NO.5
Macbeth
《麦克白》
作者:William Shakespeare
内容简介:
Another Shakespeare classic, "Macbeth" portrays the weakness of humanity. The character of Macbeth receives a prophecy that he will one day become king of Scotland. His unchecked ambition ends in murder; Macbeth kills King Duncan to steal the throne for himself. It shows the destructive influence of political ambition and pursuing power for its own sake.
推荐理由:
莎士比亚四大悲剧之一《麦克白》有一种内在的张力,能让读者紧张得喘不过气来,非得一口气读完不可。预言、犹疑、怂恿、恐惧……情节抓人,警句俯拾即是。
“人生不过是一个行走的影子,一个在舞台上指手划脚的拙劣的伶人,登场片刻,就在无声无息中悄然退下。”当你读到这句话时,一定会停下来,再三回味。
世界就是舞台,我们每个人都是演员。
NO.6
Animal Farm
《动物庄园》
作者:George Orwell
内容简介:
A group of farm animals organizes a revolt after they realize their master, Mr. Jones, is mistreating them and offering them nothing in return for their work. When they challenge the leadership, they are disciplined for speaking out. This classic isn’t about animal rights. It is a larger critique on Soviet Communism. Orwell wrote it as an attack against Stalinism in Russia.
推荐理由:
《动物庄园》亦译作《动物农场》、《动物农庄》,是英国作家乔治·奥威尔创作的中篇小说,1945年首次出版。讲述农场的一群动物成功地进行了一场“革命”,将压榨他们的人类东家赶出农场,建立起一个平等的动物社会。然而,动物领袖,那些聪明的猪们最终却篡夺了革命的果实,成为比人类东家更加独裁和极权的统治者。该作被公认为反乌托邦政治讽喻寓言。
这个故事中的选段也多次出现在如今初高中英语考试的阅读理解中,阅读的难度还是比较大,赶紧趁这个假期抽时间阅读积累起来吧。
NO.7
The Catcher in the Rye
《麦田里的守望者》
作者:J. D. Salinger
内容简介:
J. D. Salinger aptly captures teen angst in "The Catcher in the Rye" when the reader gets a look at three days in the life of its narrator, the 16-year-old Holden Caulfield. The book was an instant success, but some schools have banned it from their libraries and reading lists, citing vulgarity and sexual content.
推荐理由:
麦田里的守望者从1951年出版以来给全世界无数彷徨的年轻人心灵的慰藉。小说一问世,霍尔顿这个对虚伪的周围环境深恶痛绝的少年形象竟然被千万读者看成是迷人的新英雄,文中的崇尚自由的亲切语言受到热烈欢迎。
这本小说反映了二战后美国青少年矛盾混乱的人生观和道德观,代表了当时相当一部分人的思想和处境。主人公霍尔顿那种没有清楚目的的反抗,是当时学生和青少年的典型病症。《麦田里的守望者》发表后,大中学学生争相阅读,家长和教师也视小说为“必读教材”,把它当作“理解当代青少年的钥匙”。
NO.8
Hamlet
《哈姆雷特》
作者:William Shakespeare
内容简介:
Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, becomes vengeful after attending his father’s funeral, only to find his mother has remarried his uncle, Claudius. The stepfather crowns himself king, a role that should have gone to Hamlet. The prince finds out his father was murdered, after which he kills the new king. Ambiguity runs through the play and the character of Hamlet, with his visions of ghosts up for interpretation—are they real, or a figment of the troubled man’s imagination? The tragedy, which launched the famous line “to be, or not to be,” shines a light on some of the worst traits of humanity. Some consider the play Shakespeare’s greatest work.
推荐理由:
《哈姆雷特(Hamlet)》是由英国剧作家威廉·莎士比亚创作于1599年至1602年间的一部悲剧作品。戏剧讲述了叔叔克劳狄斯谋害了哈姆雷特的父亲,篡取了王位,并娶了国王的遗孀乔特鲁德;哈姆雷特王子因此为父王向叔叔复仇。
《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚所有戏剧中篇幅最长的一部,也是莎士比亚最负盛名的剧本,具有深刻的悲剧意义、复杂的人物性格以及丰富完美的悲剧艺术手法,代表着整个西方文艺复兴时期文学的最高成就。同《麦克白》、《李尔王》和《奥赛罗》一起组成莎士比亚“四大悲剧”。
NO.9
Of Mice and Men
《人鼠之间》
作者:John Steinbeck
内容简介:
"Of Mice and Men" tells the story of George and his simple-minded friend, Lennie. The two have to get new jobs on a ranch because of some trouble in Lennie’s past. The novel, set during the Great Depression, tackles topics of poverty, sexism, and racism.
推荐理由:
《人鼠之间》不仅艺术地展现了田园牧歌式的农庄生活和残酷的社会现实的冲突,而且反映了人对生存条件的真切感受。“鼠与人的最佳设计往往落空”——正是人类生存处境的形象写照,体现作品包含的悲剧内涵和哲学意蕴使之升华为一篇代表普遍经验的现代寓言。
此书被搬上“百老汇”舞台,1938年被授予该年度“纽约戏剧评论奖” ;1941年被拍成电影。在英国普通中学教育证书考试中,90%的答案来自《人鼠之间》等三本书。
NO.10
The Scarlet Letter
《红字》
作者: Nathaniel Hawthorne
内容简介:
Nathaniel Hawthorne published "The Scarlet Letter" in 1850. In the novel, which is based on historical events, readers follow the story of Hester Prynne, a woman who is forced to wear a red “A” on her clothes after she conceives a child out of wedlock. She bears the punishment alone when she refuses to name the baby’s father. Her character marked one of the first where a strong woman was the protagonist. Hawthorne also touches on themes of hypocrisy, shame, guilt, and love.
推荐理由:
《红字》是美国浪漫主义作家霍桑创作的长篇小说。发表于1850年。《红字》讲述了发生在北美殖民时期的爱情悲剧。
《红字》其隐晦的主题思想、超常的形式及巧妙的文学艺术手法使其一直成为文学界研究的对象。《红字》不仅涉及当时一个严肃而敏感的婚外情话题,而且还触及到了有争议和激进的女性主义思想,所以,撰写这样的小说是对当时基督教价值判断的颠覆和挑战。美国作家海明威评价道:“《红字》是一本可以提高人们艺术水平的好书”。
NO.11
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn
《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》
作者:Mark Twain
内容简介:
Huckleberry Finn is the main character in this follow-up novel to "The Adventures of Tom Sawyer." The book explores themes of racism as Huck Finn floats down the Mississippi River with a man escaping slavery. Like Huck, Twain changed his childhood views and rejected slavery as an institution.
推荐理由:
《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》是美国作家马克·吐温创作的长篇小说,是小说《汤姆·索亚历险记》的续集。它是最优秀的世界儿童惊险小说之一。
海明威曾评价道:“整个现代美国文学都来源于马克·吐温的著作《哈克贝里·费恩历险记》,这是我们最优秀的一部书,此后还没有哪本书能和它匹敌。”这部小说先后被美国电影界七次搬上银幕,代表着马克·吐温现实主义艺术技巧的高峰。
NO.12
《1984》
作者: George Orwell
内容简介:
George Orwell describes a dystopian future rife with war and one where the government—led by Big Brother—controls the truth and snuffs out individual thought. The protagonist, Winston Smith, becomes disillusioned with the Party, and he rebels against it. Although it was published in 1949, the novel had a resurgence in 2017.
推荐理由:
《1984》是英国左翼作家乔治·奥威尔于1949年出版的长篇政治小说。在这部作品中奥威尔刻画了一个令人感到窒息的恐怖世界,在假想的未来社会中,独裁者以追逐权力为最终目标,人性被强权彻底扼杀,自由被彻底剥夺,思想受到严酷钳制,人民的生活陷入了极度贫困,下层人民的人生变成了单调乏味的循环。
这部小说与英国作家赫胥黎著作的《美丽新世界》,以及俄国作家扎米亚京著作的《我们》并称“反乌托邦的三部代表作”。这部小说已经被翻译成62种语言,全球销量超过3000万册,是20世纪影响力最大的英语小说之一。2015年11月,该作被评为“最具影响力的20本学术书之一”。
NO.13
The Odyssey
《奥德赛》
作者:Homer
内容简介:
"The Odyssey," a Greek epic poem, follows Odysseus as he travels back to the island of Ithaca after fighting in the war at Troy—something addressed in Homer’s poem, "The Iliad." When he returns home, he and his son, Telemachus, kill all the men who are trying to marry Odysseus’s wife, Penelope. In the end, Athena, the goddess of wisdom, victory, and war, intervenes. Like many Greek myths, it focuses on themes of love, courage, and revenge.
推荐理由:
《奥德赛》是古希腊最重要的两部史诗之一(另一部是《伊利亚特》,统称《荷马史诗》)。
《奥德赛》延续了《伊利亚特》的故事情节,相传为盲诗人荷马所作。《奥德赛》共12000多行,也分为24卷。诗人把奥德修斯的10年海上历险,用倒叙的手法放在他临到家前40多天的时间里来描述。这10年惊心动魄的经历,包含了许多远古的神话,反映出经幻想加工过的自然现象以及古希腊人同自然的斗争和胜利。第9卷中所写的俄底修斯用计制胜巨人族波吕斐摩斯的故事,突出地表现了他的机智和勇敢。
这部史诗是西方文学的奠基之作,是除《吉尔伽美什史诗》和《伊利亚特》外现存最古老的西方文学作品。
NO.14
The Diary of a Young Girl
《安妮日记》
作者: Anne Frank
内容简介:
In 1944, a young Anne Frank recorded her thoughts and feelings as she and other Jewish citizens hid from the German Nazis during World War II. The coming-of-age diary, which chronicles Frank’s time hiding in the Secret Annex while she became a young woman, has been translated into 70 languages. While she and most of her family were killed, her father survived and helped publish her work, making it possible for millions to learn her story.
推荐理由:
《安妮日记》为犹太女孩安妮·弗兰克的日记。这本日记记录了她在1942年6月到1944年8月为时两年的隐秘生活。1944年8月全家被绿警抓捕并关进集中营,次年爆发伤寒去世。日记中有安妮隐匿生活的详细记录,也有她对青春期自我的剖析,战争生活结束的美好向往,以及短暂却美好的初恋。虽处于战乱中,安妮却依旧乐观细腻地观察生活,积极地面对战争局势。战后幸存的父亲奥托·弗兰克将安妮的日记出版,引起巨大轰动。
《安妮日记》至今已被翻译为70多种语言,2009年被联合国教科文组织列入《世界记忆名录》。电影也一举获得8项奥斯卡提名,前总统约翰·肯尼迪和奥黛丽赫本均为此书发声,安妮的故事影响力遍布全世界。
NO.15
Pride and Prejudice
《傲慢与偏见》
作者:Jane Austen
内容简介:
Published in 1813, "Pride and Prejudice" was Jane Austen’s second novel. The story follows the will-they-won’t-they relationship between the wealthy Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennett, who comes from meager means. Throughout the chapters, both change for the better as they fall in love. The book has inspired at least more than a dozen movie and television adaptations.
推荐理由:
《傲慢与偏见》描写中产阶级男女的爱情与婚姻。在奥斯汀之前,18世纪后期的英国小说中有一股女性感情潮流,充满伤心流泪的感伤情调和为忧郁而忧郁的嗜好。《傲慢与偏见》克服了这种倾向而接近于现代生活。她在小说中运用喜剧的手法表达对生活的严肃批评,探索女主人公从恋爱到结婚中自我发现的心理过程。女主人公和达西的婚姻是作者颂扬的“为天下有情人树立一个榜样”的幸福婚姻。
《傲慢与偏见》作品生动反映了18世纪末到19世纪初处于保守和闭塞状态下的英国乡镇生活和世态人情,被英国小说家和戏剧家毛姆列为“世界十大小说之一”。
NO.16
Jane Eyre
《简爱》
作者: Charlotte Brontë
内容简介:
Charlotte Brontë—sister to Emily—speaks directly to the reader in "Jane Eyre." The Victorian novel follows the headstrong Jane, an orphan who lives with her aunt and cousins, on her quest to find her identity and true love. The novel, marketed as an autobiography and published in 1847 under the pen name Currer Bell, is written in first person and introduced "the concept of the self" in writing.
推荐理由:
英国女作家夏洛蒂勃朗特,在19世纪时,用男人的笔名偷偷写下《简爱》,它不仅仅是爱情故事,更是一部“去角色”的教育好书。百余年来,简·爱的形象是不朽的,这部小说一直受到世界各国人民的欢迎,专家们也多给出了好评。
小说中男女主人公诗歌般的抒情的对话对此后的文学产生一定的影响,其语言特色更是成为广大读者喜爱的重要原因,尤其是青年读者,而其社会现实意义尤其是妇女解放方面更值得深思。2020年4月,列入《教育部基础教育课程教材发展中心 中小学生阅读指导目录(2020年版)》初中段。
NO.17
Fahrenheit 451
《华氏451》
作者:Ray Bradbury
内容简介:
Ray Bradbury describes a futuristic world where books are banned and burned. Guy Montag, one fireman tasked with extinguishing the books, begins to question the practice. When Bradbury wrote the classic in the 1950s, television sets were becoming ubiquitous in American households. The theme of the book was a warning about how mass media could interfere with people’s ability or desire to think critically, a theme that many think resonates with the social media-obsessed world of today.
推荐理由:
《华氏451度 Fahrenheit 451》是 Ray Bradbury 所著的反乌托邦小说,于1953年出版。故事叙述了一个压制自由的近未来世界,禁止人们阅读、拥有书籍。所谓的消防员的工作不是灭火,而是焚书。当火焰燃烧到达华氏451度,所有记录人类智慧的典籍都将灰飞烟灭,但却烧不毁被压抑的灵魂。
本书被美国国会图书馆评选为20世纪最有影响力的100本小说之一,还被BBC、纽约时报、泰晤士报等权威媒体评为最受欢迎的100本书之一,也是SAT官方推荐的阅读书目之一。
NO.18
The Giver
《记忆传授人》
作者: Lois Lowry
内容简介:
This 1993 young adult dystopian novel tells of a society that values similarity and not individuality. People are discouraged from being different and are given jobs that will best serve the community. Those who don’t like their role are "released," which means they are forced to leave society. One person is assigned the role of the Giver, and tasked with holding onto memories. Young Jonas becomes the new Giver. With his new memories, his awareness grows and he begins to question life. The movie adaptation of the book was released in 2014.
推荐理由:
本书是一部科幻小说,颇富创意、鼓励青少年自主思考与行动。不仅获美国纽伯瑞儿童文学金奖,还在美国初级中学必读图书,加拿大高中必读图书之列。
在《美国人民最喜爱的一百种书》调查中,《记忆传授人》也是脱颖而出,名列前茅。美国《纽约时报》曾经评价道:“它是一部雷霆万钧,容易引起共鸣的小说。”
NO.19
The Crucible
《萨勒姆的⼥巫》
作者:Arthur Miller
内容简介:
This 1953 play is a dramatized version of the Salem witch trials of the late 1600s. In the novel, a group of young girls are dancing in the forest. When they’re caught, they fake illness and shift blame to avoid punishment. Their lies set off witchcraft accusations throughout the town. Arthur Miller wrote "The Crucible" as a protest to the actions of Sen. Joseph McCarthy, who set up a committee to investigate and prosecute the Communists he thought had infiltrated the U.S. government. It won the 1953 Tony Award for Best Play.
推荐理由:
The Crucible,原是坩埚,引申为炼狱。这部获得托尼奖最佳剧本的话剧,取材于历史上真实的美国萨勒姆审巫案,是被称为“美国戏剧良心”的阿瑟·米勒强烈的社会责任感与严峻深刻、决不妥协的写实笔法的强有力的聚焦点。
米勒以古讽今,对当时的压抑气氛和政治迫害进行了生动的、深刻地描述,尽力展示强权统治下的人心危殆、人性沉沦,以及人在与邪恶势力对峙中的失败和毁灭。与此同时,米勒通过对一些保持尊严、坦然面对死亡的正义人士的塑造,表现了他对良心和正义的坚定信仰。
NO.20
Brave New World
《美丽新世界》
作者: Aldous Huxley
内容简介:
In "Brave New World," published in 1932, Aldous Huxley paints a picture of a dystopian future where people consume pills called soma to get a sense of instant bliss without side effects. Emotions, individuality, and lasting relationships aren’t allowed. A preordained class system is decided at the embryonic stage, with certain people getting hormones for peak mental and athletic fitness. Some historians believe the book’s plot could somewhat represent our actual future in the next 100 years.
推荐理由:
这是一部寓言作品,展现了赫胥黎眼中的人类社会的未来图景:通过最有效的科学和心理工程,人类从遗传和基因上就已经被先天设计为各种等级的社会成员,完全沦为驯顺的机器,个性和自由被扼杀,文学艺术濒于毁灭。
此书是20世纪最经典的反乌托邦文学之一,具有浓厚的哲学思辨和政治意义,在国内外的文学思想界都产生了深远的影响。
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